Electrical Engineering

Electrical Engineering

* Electrical Circuits-Theory and Applications

Circuit components, network graphs, KCL, KVL; circuit analysis
methods : nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems
and applications; transient analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits;
sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits and applications;
coupled circuits and applications; balanced 3-phase circuits.
Two port networks, driving point and transfer functions; poles
and zeros of network functions.

* Signals & Systems

Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals & system's ;
LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI
systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations.
Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function.
Sampling and recovery of signals.

* Control Systems

Elements of control systems; block-diagram representations; open-loop &
closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feed-back.
LTI systems : time domain and transform domain analysis. Stability : Routh
Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Nyquist's criterion. Bode-plots, Design of
lead-lag compensators; Proportional, PI, PID controllers.

* E.M. Theory

Electro-static and magneto-static fields; Maxwell's equations; e.m. waves
and wave equations; wave propagation and antennas; transmission lines;
micro-wave resonators, cavities and wave guides.

* Electrical Engineering Materials

Electrical/electronic behaviour of materials : conductivity; free-electrons
and band-theory; intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductor, p-n junction;
solar cells, super-conductivity. Dielectric behaviour of materials : polarization
phenomena; piezo-electric phenomena. Magnetic materials: behaviour and application.

* Analog Electronics

Diode circuits: rectifiers filters, clipping and clamping, zener diode and
voltage regulation. Bipolar and field effect transistors (BJT, JFET and MOSFET) :
Characteristics, biasing and small signal equivalent circuits. Basic amplifier
circuits; differential amplifier circuits. Amplifiers : analysis, frequency
response. Principles of feedback; OPAMP circuits; filters; oscillators.

* Digital Electronics

Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean function; logic gates, digital IC
families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic
circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoder's. Sequential circuits : latches
and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators.
Sample and hold circuits; ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories.

* Communication Systems

Fourier analysis of signals : amplitude, phase and power spectrum, auto-correlation
and cross-correlation and their Fourier transforms. Analog modulation
systems : amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems,
spectral analysis; superheterodyne receivers. Pulse code modulation (PCM),
differential PCM, delta modulation. Digital modulation schemes : amplitude,
phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Multiplexing :
time-division, frequency-division. Additive Gaussian noise : characterization using
correlation, probability density function, power spectral density, Signal-to-noise
ratio calculations for AM and FM. Elements of digital communication
systems : source coding, channel coding; digital modulation & demodulation.
Elements of Information theory, channel capacity. Elements of satellite and
mobile communication; principles of television engineering; radar engineering
and radio aids to navigation.

* Computers and Microprocessors

Computer organization : number representation and arithmetic, functional
organization, machine instructions, addressing modes, ALU, hardwired and
microprogrammed control, memory organization. Elements of microprocessors :
8-bit microprocessors -architecture, instruction set, assembly level
programming, memory, I/O interfacing, microcontrollers and applications.

* Measurement and Instrumentation

Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor,
resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurements.
Electronic measuring instruments: multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter,
frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyser, distortion-meter.
Transducers: thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guages, piezo-electric
crystal. Use of transducers in measurement of non-electrical quantities.
Data-acquisition systems.

* Energy Conversion

Single-phase transformer : equivalent circuit, phasor-diagram, tests,
regulation and efficiency; three-phase transformer; auto transformer.
Principles of energy conversion-d.c. generators and motors: Performers
characteristics, starting and speed control armature reaction and commutation;
three-phase induction motor; performance characteristics, starting and
speed control. Single-phase induction motor. Synchronous generators: performance
characteristics, regulation, parallel operation. Synchronous motors: starting
characteristics, applications; synchronous condensor. FHP motors, permanent
magnet and stepper motors, brushless d.c. motors, single-phase motors.

* Power Systems

Electric power generation : thermal, hydro, nuclear. Transmission line
parameters: steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and
cables. Distribution systems : insulators, bundle conductors, corona and
radio interference effects; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and
impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction.
Economic operation. Principles of over current, differential and distance
protection; solid state relays, circuit breakers, concept of system stability.
HVDC transmission.

* Power Electronics and Electric Drives

Semiconductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and
MOSFET, static characteristics, principles of operation; triggering circuits;
phase controlled rectifiers; bridge converters-fully controlled and half
controlled; principles of thyristor chopper and inverter. Basic concept
of speed control of DC and AC motor drives.

* Elements of IC Fabrication Technology

Overview of IC Technology. Unit steps used in IC fabrication : wafer cleaning,
photo-lithography, wet and dry etching, oxidation, diffusion, ion-implantation,
CVD and LPCVD techniques for deposition of poly-silicon, silicon,
silicon-pnitride and silicon dioxide; metallisation and passivation.


Main Examination Syllabus

Paper-I

* Electrical Circuits–Theory and Applications

Circuit componets; network graphs; KCL, KVL; circuit analysis
methods : nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems
and applications; transient analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits;
sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits and applications;
coupled circuits and applications; balanced 3-phase circuits.
Two-port networks, driving point and transfer functions; poles and
zeros of network functions. Elements of networks synthesis.
Filter-theory : design and applications. Active filters. Circuit
simulation : Input formats; methods of education formulation;
solution of equations; output formats; SPICE.

* Signals & Systems

Representation of continuous–time and discrete-time signals & systems;
LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI
systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations.
Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function.
Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals
through discrete-time systems.

* E.M. Theory

Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary
conditions, reflaction and refraction of plane waves. Transmission
line : Distributed parameter circuits, travelling and standing waves,
impedance matching, Smith chart. Waveguides : parallel plane guide,
TE, TM and TEM waves, rectangular and cylindrical wave guides,
resonators. Planar transmission lines; stripline, microstripline.

* Analog Electronics

Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of Diode,
BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits : clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing
and bias stability. FET amplifiers. Current mirror; Amplifiers : single
and multi-stage, differential, operational, feedback and power. Analysis
of amplifiers; frequency-response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits.
Filters; sinusoidal oscillators : criterion for oscillation; single-transistor
and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits.
Power supplies.

* Digital Electronics

Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC
families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits,
code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits : latches and
flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators.
Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation
using programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).

* Energy Conversion

Principles of electromechanical energy conversion : Torque and emf in rotating
machines. DC machines : charateristics and performance analysis; starting and
speed control of motors.

Transformers : principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency;
3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction machines and synchronous
machines : characteristics and preformance analysis; speed control.
Special machines : Stepper motors, brushless dc motors, permanent magnet
motors single-phase motors; FHP.

* Power Electronics and Electric Drives

Semiconductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO
and MOSFET–static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering
circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters : fully-controlled
and half-controlled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters;
basic concepts of speed control of dc and ac motor drives applications
of variable-speed drives.

* Analog Communication

Random variables : continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions.
Statististical averages; probability models; Random signals and noise : white
noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; signal
to noise ratio. Linear CW modulation : Amplitude modulation : DSB, DSB-SC
and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation : PM & FM
signals; narrowband FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis,
Preemphasis. CW modulation system : Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers,
communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver
Signal to noise ratio calculation for AM and FM receivers.

* Microwaves and Antenna

Electromagnetic radiation, Propagation of waves : ground waves, sky wave,
space wave, tropospheric scatter propagation. Extraterrestrial communications.
Antenna : Various types, gain, resistance, band-width, beamwidth and
polarization, effect of ground. Antenna coupling; high frequency antennas;
microwave antennas; special purpose antennas. Microwave Services : Klystron,
magnetron, TWT, gun diodes, Impatt, Bipolar and FETs, Microwave integrated
circuits. Microwave measurements.

Paper-II

* Control Systems

Elements of control systems; block-diagram representation; open-loop & closed-loop
systems; principles and applications of feed-back. LTI systems : time-domain and
transform-domain analysis. Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci,
Nyquist’s criterion, Bode-plots, Design of lead-lad compensators. Proportional,
PI, PID controllers. State-variable representation and analysis of control systems.
Principles of discrete-control systems.

* Electrical Engineering Materials

Electrical/electronic behaviour of materials : conductivity; free-electrons and
band-theory; intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor, p-n junction; solar cells,
super-conductivity. Dielectric behaviour of materials; polarization phenomena;
piezo-electric phenomena. Magnetic materials : behaviour and application.
Photonic materials : refractive index, absorption and emission of light,
optical fibres, lasers and opto-electronic materials.

* Microprocessors and microcomputers

8-bit microprocessor : architecture, CPU, module design, memory interfacing, I/O,
Peripheral controllers, Multiprocessing. IBM PC architecture : overview, introduction
to DOS, Advanced microprocessors.

* Measurement and Instrumentation

Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor,
resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurement. Electronic
measuring instruments : multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter,
spectrum-analyser, distortion-meter. Transducers : thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT,
strain-guage, piezo-electric crystal. Use of transducers in measurements of non-electrical
quantities. Data-acquisition systems.

* IC Technology

Overview of IC Technology. Unit-steps used in IC fabrication : wafer cleaning,
photo-lithography, wet and dry etching, oxidation, diffusion, ion-implantation,
CVD and LPCVD techniques for deposition of poly-silicon, silicon, silicon-nitride
and silicon di-oxide; metallisation and passivation.

* Power Systems : Analysis and Control

Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles
of active and reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus
admittance and impedance materices; load flow; voltage control and power factor
correction; economic operation; symmeterical components, analysis of symmetrical
and unsymmetrical faults. Concept of system stability : swing curves and equal
area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission; FACTS.
Computer control and Automation : Introduction to energy control centres;
various states of a power system; SCADA systems and RTUs. Active power
control : Speed control of generators, tie-line control, frequency control.
Economic dispatch.

* Power system protection

Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection. Concept
of solid state relays. Circuit brakers. Computer aided protection : Introduction;
line bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application
of DSP to protection.

* Non-conventional Energy Sources and Energy Management

Introduction to the energy problem; difficulties with conventional energy
sources. Wind-Energy : Basics of Wind turbine aerodynamics; wind-energy
conversion systems and their integration into electrical grid. Solar-Energy : Thermal
conversion : photo-voltaic conversion. Wave-energy. Importance of Energy
Management : Energy audit; energy economics : discount rate, payback period,
internal rate of return, life cycle costing.

* Digital Communiation

Pulse code modulation (PCM), diferential pulse code modulation (DPCM),
delta modulation (DM), Digital modulation and demodulation schemes : amplitude,
phase and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control
coding : error detection and correction, linear block codes, convolution codes.
Information measure and source coding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture.

* Satellite Communication, Radar and TV

Satellite Communincation : General overview and technical characteristics,
earth station equipment, satellite link design, CNR of Satellite system.
Radar : Basic principles, Pulsed systems : CW Doppler radar, FMCW radar,
Phase array radars. Television Systems : Television systems and standards,
Black-and White-and Colour-TV transmission and receiver systems.

* Fibre Optic System

Multiplexing : Time division multiplexing, Frequency Division multiplexing.
Optical properties of materials : Refractive index absorption and emission
of light, optical fibres, lasers and optoelectronic materials Fibre optic links.