Examination Syllabus - Physics1. Mechanics and Waves
Dimensional analysis. Newton's laws of motion and
applications, variable mass systems, projectiles.
Rotational dynamics-kinetic energy, angular momentum,
theorems of moment of intertia and calculations in
simple cases. Conservative forces, frictional forces.
Gravitaional potential and intensity due to spherical
objects. Central forces, Kepler's problem, escape
velocity and artificial satellites (including GPS).
Streamline motion, viscosity, Poiseuille's equation.
Applications of Bernoulli's equation and Stokes' law.
Special relativity and Lorentz transformation-length
contraction, time dilation, mass-energy relation.
Simple harmonic motion, Lissajous figures. Damped
oscillation, forced oscillation and resonance.
Beats, Phase and group velocities. Stationary waves,
vibration of strings and air columns, longitudinal
waves in solids. Doppler effect. Ultrasonics and
applications.
2. Geometrical and Physical Optics.
Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat's
principle. Matrix method in paraxial optics- thin
lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin
lenses. Chromatic and spherical aberrations. Simple
optical instruments-magnifier, eyepieces,
telescopes and microscopes.
Huygens' principle-reflection and refraction of waves.
Interference of light-Young's experiment, Newton's rings,
interference by thin films, Michelson interferometer.
Fraunhofer diffraction-single slit, double slit,
diffraction grating, resolving power. Fresnel
diffraction-half-period zones and zone plate.
Production and detection of linearly, circularly and
elliptically polarised light. Double refraction,
quarter-waves plates and half-wave plates. Polarizing
sheets. Optical activity and applications.
Rayleigh scattering and applications.
Elements of fibre optics-attenuation; pulse
dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres;
material dispersion. Lasers, characteristics of laser
light-spatial and temporal coherence. Focussing of
laser beams and applciations.
3. Heat and Thermodynamics
Thermal equilibrium and temperature. The zeroth law of
thermodynamics. Heat and the first law of thermodynamics.
Efficiency of Carnot engines. Entropy and the second
law of thermodynamics. Kinetic theory and the equation
of state of an ideal gas. Mean free path, distribution
of molecular speeds and energies. Trasport phenomena.
Andrew's experiements-van der Waals equation and
applications. Joule-Kelvin effect and applications.
Brownian motion. Thermodynamic potentials-Maxwell
relations. Phase transitions. Kirchhoff's laws. Black-body
radiation-Stefan-Boltzmann law, spectral radiancy,
Wien displacement law, application to the cosmic
microwave background radiation, Planck radiation law.
4. Electricity and Magnetism
Electric charge, Coulomb's law, electric field, Gauss' law.
Electric potential, van de Graff accelerator. Capacitors,
dielectrics and polarization. Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's first
and second rules, resistors in series and parallel,
applications to two-loop circuits. Magnietic
field-Gauss'law for magnetism, atomic and nuclear
magnetism, magnetic susceptibility, classification of
magnetic materials. Cirulating charges, cyclotron,
synchrotron. Hall effect. Biot-Savart law, Ampere's law,
Faraday's law of induction., Lenz's law. Inductance.
Alternating current circuits-RC, LR, single-loop
LRC circuits, impedance, resonance, power in AC circuits.
Displacement current, Maxwell's equations (MKS units),
electromagnetic waves, energy transport and Poynting vector.
5. Atomic and Nuclear Physics
Photoelectric effect, Einstein's photon theory.
Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom. Stern-Gerlach experiment,
quantisation of angular momentum, electron spin.
Pauli exclusion principle and applications. Zeeman effect.
X-ray spectrum, Bragg's law, Bohr's theory of the Mosley plot.
Compton effect, Compton wavelength. Wave nature of matter,
de Broglie wavelength, wave-particle duality. Heisenberg's
uncertainty relationships. Schroedinger's equation-eigenvalues
and eigenfunctions of (i) particle in a box, (ii) simple harmonic
oscillator and (iii) hydrogen atom. Potential step and barrier
penetration. Natural and artificial radioactivity. Binding energy
of nuclei, nuclear fission and fusion. Classification of
elementary particles and their interactions.
6. Electronics
Diodes in half-waves and full-wave rectification, qualitative
ideas of semiconductors, p type and n type semiconductors,
junction diode, Zener diode, transistors, binary numbers,
Logic gates and truth tables, Elements of microprocessors and
computers.
Main Examination Syllabus - PhysicsPaper-ISection-A1. Classical Mechanics
1. Particle dynamics
Centre of mass and laboratory coordinates, conservation
of linear and angular momentum. The rocket equation.
Rutherford scattering, Galilean transformation, intertial
and non-inertial frames, rotating frames, centrifugal
and Coriolis forces, Foucault pendulum.
2. System of particles
Constraints, degrees of freedom, generalised coordinates
and momenta. Lagrange's equation and applications to
linear harmonic oscillator, simple pendulum and central
force problems. Cyclic coordinates, Hamilitonian
Lagrange's equation from Hamilton's principle.
3. Rigid body dynamics
Eulerian angles, inertia tensor, principal moments of
inertia. Euler's equation of motion of a rigid body,
force-free motion of a rigid body. Gyroscope.
2. Special Relativity, Waves & Geometrical Optics
1. Special Relativity
Michelson-Morley experiment and its implications. Lorentz
transformations-length contraction, time dilation, addition
of velocities, aberration and Doppler effect, mass-energy
relation, simple applications to a decay process. Minkowski
diagram, four dimensional momentum vector. Covariance of
equations of physics.
2. Waves
Simple harmonic motion, damped oscillation, forced oscillation
and resonance. Beats. Stationary waves in a string. Pulses
and wave packets. Phase and group velocities. Reflection
and Refraction from Huygens' principle.
3. Geometrical Optics
Laws of relfection and refraction from Fermat's principle.
Matrix method in paraxial optic-thin lens formula,
nodal planes, system of two thin lenses, chromatic
and spherical aberrations.
3. Physical Optics
1. Interference
Interference of light-Young's experiment, Newton's rings,
interference by thin films, Michelson interferometer.
Multiple beam interference and Fabry-Perot interferometer.
Holography and simple applications.
2. Diffraction
Fraunhofer diffraction-single slit, double slit, diffraction
grating, resolving power. Fresnel diffraction: - half-period
zones and zones plates. Fresnel integrals. Application of
Cornu's spiral to the analysis of diffraction at a straight
edge and by a long narrow slit. Diffraction by a circular
aperture and the Airy pattern.
3. Polarisation and Modern Optics
Production and detection of linearly and circularly
polarised light. Double refraction, quarter wave plate.
Optical activity. Principles of fibre optics attenuation;
pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres;
material dispersion, single mode fibres. Lasers-Einstein
A and B coefficients. Ruby and He-Ne lasers.
Characteristics of laser light-spatial and temporal coherence.
Focussing of laser beams. Three-level scheme for laser operation.
Section-B1. Electricity and Magnetism
1. Electrostatics and Magnetostatics
Laplace ad Poisson equations in electrostatics and their
applications. Energy of a system of charges, multipole
expansion of scalar potential. Method of images and its
applications. Potential and field due to a dipole, force
and torque on a dipole in an external field. Dielectrics,
polarisation. Solutions to bounary-value problems-conducting
and dielectric spheres in a uniform electric field. Magentic
shell, uniformly magnetised sphere. Ferromagnetic materials,
hysteresis, energy loss.
2. Current Electricity
Kirchhoff's laws and their applications. Biot-Savart law,
Ampere's law, Faraday's law, Lenz' law. Self-and mutual-inductances.
Mean and rms values in AC circuits. LR CR and LCR
circuits- series and parallel resonance. Quality factor.
Principal of transformer.
2. Electromagnetic Theory & Black Body Radiation
1. Electromagnetic Theory
Displacement current and Maxwell's equatons. Wave
equations in vacuum, Poynting theorem. Vector and
scalar potentials. Gauge invariance, Lorentz and
Coulomb gauges. Electromagnetic field tensor, covariance
of Maxwell's equations. Wave equations in isotropic
dielectrics, reflection and refraction at the boundary
of two dielectrics. Fresnel's relations. Normal and
anomalous dispersion. Rayleigh scattering.
2. Blackbody radiation
Balckbody radiation ad Planck radiation law- Stefan-Boltzmann
law, Wien displacement law and Rayleigh-Jeans law. Planck mass,
Planck length, Planck time,. Planck temperature and Planck energy.
3. Thermal and Statistical Physics
1. Thremodynamics
Laws of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes,
entropy. Isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric processes
and entropy change. Otto and Diesel engines, Gibbs' phase
rule and chemical potential. van der Waals equation of state
of a real gas, critical constants. Maxwell-Boltzman distribution
of molecular velocities, transport phenomena, equipartition
and virial theorems. Dulong-Petit, Einstein, and Debye's
theories of specific heat of solids. Maxwell lllrelations
and applications. Clausius- Clapeyron equation. Adiabatic
demagnetisation, Joule-Kelvin effect and liquefaction of gases.
2. Statistical Physics
Saha ionization formula. Bose-Einstein condenssation.
Thermodynamic behaviour of an ideal Fermi gas, Chandrasekhar
limit, elementary ideas about neutron stars and pulsars.
Brownian motion as a random walk, diffusion process.
Concept of negative temperatures.
Paper-IISection-A1. Quantum Mechanics I
Wave-particle dualitiy. Schroedinger equation and expectation
values. Uncertainty principle. Solutions of the one-dimensional
Schroedinger equation free particle (Gaussian wave-packet),
particle in a box, particle in a finite well, linear harmonic
oscillator. Reflection and transmission by a potential step
and by a rectangular barrier. Use of WKB formula for the
life-time calcuation in the alpha-decay problem.
2. Quantum Mechanics II & Atomic Physics
1. Quantum Mechanics II
Particle in a three dimensional box, density of states, free
electron theory of metals. The angular meomentum problem. The
hydrogen atom. The spin half problem and properties of Pauli
spin matrices.
2. Atomic Physics
Stern-Gerlack experiment, electron spin, fine structure of
hydrogen atom. L-S coupling, J-J coupling. Spectroscopic
notation of atomic states. Zeeman effect. Frank-Condon
principle and applications.
3. Molecular Physics
Elementary theory of rotational, vibratonal and electronic
spectra of diatomic molecules. Raman effect and molecular
structure. Laser Raman spectroscopy Importance of neutral
hydrogen atom, molecular hydrogen and molecular hydrogen
ion in astronomy Fluorescence and Phosphorescence.
Elementary theory and applications of NMR. Elementary
ideas about Lamb shift and its significance.
Section-B1. Nuclear Physics
Basic nuclear properties-size, binding energy, angular
momentum, parity, magnetic moment. Semi-empirical mass
formula and applications. Mass parabolas. Ground state of
a deuteron magnetic moment and non-central forces. Meson
theory of nuclear forces. Salient features of nuclear forces.
Shell model of the nucleus-success and limitations.
Violation of parity in beta decay. Gamma decay and
internal conversion. Elementary ideas about Mossbauer
spectroscopy. Q-value of nuclear reactions. Nuclear
fission and fusion, energy production in stars. Nuclear reactors.
2. Particle Physics & Solid State Physics
1. Particle Physics
Classification of elementary particles and their interactions.
Conservation laws. Quark structure of hadrons. Field quanta of
electroweak and strong interactions. Elementary ideas about
Unification of Forces. Physics of neutrinos.
2. Solid State Physics
Cubic crystal structure. Band theory of solids- conductors,
insulators and semiconductors. Elements of superconductivity,
Meissner effect, Josephson junctions and applications.
Elementary ideas about high temperature superconductivity.
3. Electronics
Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors-p-n-p and n-p-n transistors.
Amplifiers and oscillators. Op-amps. FET, JFET and MOSFET.
Digital electronics-Boolean identities, De; Morgan's laws,
Logic gates and truth tables., Simple logic circuits.
Thermistors, solar cells. Fundamentals of
microprocessors and digital computers.